Pneumatic motor.



R. A. NORLING.

PNEUMATIG MOTOR.

APPLIGATIOB Umm MAE. v, 190s.

Patented Sept, 28, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

519i tu eases fitto/amm@ l R. A. NORLING.

PNEUMATIG MOTQR.

APPLIOATIQN FILED MAR. 7. 1906.

Patented Sepi'Je 28, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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R. A. NORLING.

PNEUMATIG MOTOR.

APPLIGATION FILEDMAB. '1, 1906.

9359537. 5 Patented sept. 28, 1969.

y* W y `tary Aiotion in either direction at .the will of `pended claims.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

REINIIOLD A. NOIR/LING, OF AURORA, ILLINOIS, .ASSIGNOR TO AURORA AUTOMATIC MACHINERY GOIYIPANY7 OF AURORA, ILLINOIS, A CORFORATION OF ILLINOIS.

PNEUMATIC MOTOR.

Original application led July 20, 1904,'Seria1 No. 217,372.

Serial No.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Rain iioLD A. Nomine, a citizen of the United States, of the city of Aurora, in the county of .Kane and State of illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Motors; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of .reference marked thereon. which form a part of this sliecication.

This invention relates to improvements in portable pneumatic drills or mechanisms of that kind ew ibraeing a fluid pressure engine of portable Jform applied to operate a drill or like tool. such forinstance as is illustrated and described in United States Letters Pat ent, No. 762,932, granted to me on the 21st day of J une 1904.

The invention relates to improvements in machines of the kind above described designed to make the saine reversible or capa ble of giving to the tool driven thereby rothe operator.

rThe invention con sists in the matters here` inafter set forth and pointed out in the aptii the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention: Figure l is a sectional view of a machine embodying my invention taken on a plane passing through the central axis of the tool actuating spindle and the crank-shaft thereof. iFig. Q is a plan view of the engine. Fig. 3 is a sectional view thereof7 taken upon line 3 3 of Fig. l but slniwing the pistons and piston .rods in elevation. Fig. t is a partial section7 taken on the line aL-et of Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a secA tional view through the casing ofthe machine taken onthe plane indicated by the indirect line 5 5 of Fig. 2.

As shown in said drawings, A indicates the main casing of the machine which contains four power cylinders B B1 C C1, a crank chamber D7 and air chambers `E and F. To the bottom of the main casing A is attached a cap or auxiliary casing A1. The cylinders B B1 C C1 are arranged in airs with the two cylinders B C and Bl C1 constituting each pair parallel with each other; the air chambers E and F being located in the sector-shaped space Specification ofletters Patent.

Divided and this application filed March 7, 1906. 304,694.

between the pairs of cylinders. lVithin the crank chamber D is a crank-shaft G which engages at its upper end a bearing H in the top wall of the main easing and at its lower end a crank bearing 'I in the auxiliary casing orcap A1. The pistons L b1 c a" within said cylinders are connected by connecting rods b2 ybt C2 c3 with the cranks of the crankshaft G.

J indicates the main driving spindle of the machine through which motion is transmitted to the rotative tool or other part to be driven. J1 indica-tes the shank of a drill inserted in a socket in said spindle J. Said spindle d passes through the cap A1, having a bearing K therein and into the main casing7 which is provided with a bearing L for the inner end of the said spindle. The driving spindle J is actuated from the crank-shaft Gr by means of a pinion G1 on the crankshaft which intern'ieshes with gear wheel J2 on the spindle.

M Ml indicate oscillating cylindric valve .plugs which are arranged with their central axes or axes of rotation transverse to the cylinders B B1 and C C1, and which turn in cylindi'ic seats or chambers formed therefor vin the main casing A. yEach of the oscillating valve plugs is arranged to operate in connection with one pair of the cylinders, the valve M being arranged to operate in connection with the cylinders B rC. while the valve M1 operates in connection with the cylinders "31.01. The said valve. chambers are formed in the casing A between the pairs of cylinders B C and B1 C1 and extend across the outer ends of said cylinders, the valves being interposed between the outer ends of said cylinders and the chambers E and F which latter occupy the central space in the casing between the outer ends of said cylinders and extend between the top wall A2 of the casing and a wall or diaphragm A3 which formsthe bottom of the air cham- -ber E. Theinner wall of the said air chainber E is formed by a partition A* which eX- tends from the diaphragm A3 upwardly to the top wall A2 and separates the air chamber E `from a central space or chamber A' located adjacent to the crank-chamber, between the inner ends of the cylinders, and

separated from the said crank-chamber by -a Apartition AG. A feed screw iT is arranged in aliiieinent with the driving spindle J and is mounted in a sleeve N1 which is attached to the top wall A2 otl the casing and extends into said chamber A", said ieed screw N having radial handles n by which it may be operated. The air chamber F is located adjacent to the top wall A2 of the casing and the chamber E is located adjacent to the bottom wall A3 thereof. Said chambers E and F are separated from each other by a horizontal diaphragm or partition i12, arranged about midway between the top wall k2 and the bottom' wall A, and by a vertical partit-ion AS which joins the rear edge of the partition AT and rises to the top wall A2, said wall AS being located between the partition it and the front wall of the casing and extending between the upper parts ot the valve chambers, as clearly seen in Fig. 3. The air chambers E and F constitute either air supply or exhaust chambers, according to the direction in which the motor is running.

The valve seats or chambers are shown as provided with bushings or cylindric tubular linings M2 M3 which form the bearing surfaces for the valve plugs, and which are provided with slots or openings which constitute inlet and outlet ports and coperate with the ports or passages in the valve plugs; the said bushings and the valve plugs having each two sets of ports and passages one for each of the two cylinders with which the valve is associated. The ports in said valve casings M2 M3 are lettered alike in the drawings for all four cylinders, those affording communication between the interior ot' the valve seats and the cylinders being marked m, while those which communicate with the air chamber E are marked m1.

The valve plugs M Ml are like those illustrated and described in United States Let` ters Patent, No. 762,934, granted to me June 21st, 1904. The several sets or' ports and passages of said valve plugs are lettered alike in the drawings. Each plug is provided with a longitudinally centrally arranged passage 1'n2, with two external recesses m2 m, one for each cylinder, which extend partially around the plug and form passages adapted to connect the outer ends of the cylinders with the air chamber E and with two transverse ports or passages m4 m4 which extend from the central passage m2 to the side face of the plug at points between the ends of the external recesses m3 m3. When the plug is turned in the position to bring one end of one of said passages m opposite one of the cylinder ports m, communication will be established between the cylinder and the air chamber E; the said recess m3 being always in communication with the supply port m1. The said ports mL mL are adapted to bring the central passage m2 into communication with the cylinder ports m m when the valve plug is turned to bring one or the other of said ports into register with said cylinder ports. The sets ot passages and ports m3 m4 in each plug are arranged at an angle to each other so that when the plug is turned to bring one port m* into register at its end wit-h one of the cylinder ports, thereby bringing the central passage m2 into communication with the outer end of one of the cylinder ports, the other port m* in the plug will be out of register with its associate cylinder port, and the latter will be in communication with the recess m3.

The valve seats or chambers for the valve plugs M M1 open at their upper ends into spaces or chambers F2 F3 formed by means of upward extensions of the top wall A2 and preferably closed by means of removable caps A A10. Said chambers F2 F communicate with the exhaust chamber F by means of laterally and downwardly directed passages FA1 F5 leading from the upper ends of the valve chambers into the top of the said chamber F, as clearly seen in Figs. 2 and 5. Said chamber F, being separated from the chamber E by the horizontal diaphragm or partition AT, extends downwardly from the top wall A2 only about one-haltl the length of the valve chambers, but the rear or inner part of thc chamber E extends practically the full length of said valve chambers, the space between the partitions A and AT constituting a part or upward extension of the chamber E so that both ports m1 m1 of both the valve chambers are in communication with said chamber E, as clearly seen in Figs. 3V and 4.

From the above it will be understood that if air be supplied under pressure to the chamber E it will pass 4from said chamber to either one of the cylinders, when the valve plug is turned to the required position, through one of the ports m1, the external passage m3 and the cylinder port m to the cylinder, while exhaust air from the said cylinder will pass outwardly from said cylinder port m through the port m* to the central exhaust passage m2 and from the upper end of said exhaust passage through the chamber F2 and passage F t to the chamber F, which is in Vthis case the exhaust chamber.

The above describes the passage of the air when the engine is running in its normal or usual direction, but. when the direction of rotation of the driving spindle is reversed through the reversing valve hereinafter described, the air will enter the chamber F, will pass from said chamber through the passages FL F2, then through the central passage m2 of the valve plug, and thence through the port m4 to the cylinder port m, while the exhaust air from said cylinder will pass through said cylinder port m, the ex- CJi ternal passage mi* and the port m1, from which it will enter the chamber E which in this case becomes the. exhaust chamber.

The valve plugs M M1 are given oscillatory movement from a double eccentric mounted on the crank-shaft G between the gear pinion. G1 and the cranks, through the medium of two eccentric rods 0 0 which are connected with crank-arms P P attached to rock-shafts P1 P1 which have bearing in caps Q3 which caps are attached to the wall A and close the lower ends ot the valve chambers, said rock-shafts being connected with the lower ends of said valve plugs, so as to turn the same. rThese parts are like the corresponding features ot the engine shown in my prior patent Number '762,934, hereinbri-tore referred to.

Q indicates a tube which is rigidly attached to the easing A and forms one ot the handles of the tool, and through which coinpressed air is supplied todrive the motor. Another handle tbl is shown as attached to the casing at the side thereof opposite said tube Q. The tube Q is provided at its outer end with a nipple Q2 by which a ilexible air supply pipe or hose may be connected therewith.

Now referring to the reversing valve illustrated in the drawings, the same is described and claimed in a separate application tor patent, Serial Number 217,372, filed by me in the United States Patent Othce, July `th, 1904.-, and need not be herein described in detail. So far as illustrated said valve embraces parts as follows: R indicates a valve casing which projects from the side wall of the casing A and is located on the said casing A in such manner as to extend above and below the partition AT which separates the air chambers E and F from each other. Said valve casing R has the form of an outwardly extending cylindric iiange on the wall ot the casing and is provided with a screw-cap R1. rlhe tube Q is attached at its inner end to the cap R1 by means of a screwcollar R2 having screw -threaded engagement with the outer end of the cap and engaging an annular flange on the inner end ot said tube Q, the said tube being held from turning relatively7 to the cap by means of a pin c which engages both of said parts at their meeting edges. Vithin the valve casing R is located a circular fixed or nonrotative disk S.. rl`he outer Jface of the wall A ot the casing, within the valve casing R is made Hat to form a bearing surface against which rests the disk S. The said disk S is provided with diametrically opposite valve ports s S1 adapted to register with two ports opening severally into the chambers E and F. lVithin the valve casing R and surrounding the stationary seat disk S is formed an exhaust passage T, which communicates with the outer air through outlet openings and the said valve plate S is provided in its outer or bearing tace with a central recess or depression which communicates with said exhaust passage T, by means oi radial passages termed in said disk. U indicates a rotative valve disk bearing at its inner taceagaiust the stationary seat disk. Said valve disk lf is provided on its inner or bearing surface. with a central recess which corresponds in position with and is in communication with the central recess Sl o'tl the stationary seat disk S andv with radial grooves adapted tor communication at their outer ends with either one of the ports a S1 ont the valve disk S. Said valve disk U also provided with ports or holes which are adapted to register vt ith the ports s s1 of the disk S. Connected vith said valve disk U is a longitudinal, rotative, actuating rod or stem V fitting at its outer end in a sleeve V1 within said tube Q. i longitiulinal groove is :termed in the part of the said stem which enters the sleeve'Vl, so that air may pass freely from the outer end ot the tube Q through said groove to the space surrounding the stem V. lV indicates an external, rotative sleeve on the Vtube A, constituting a hand grip. Said sleeve lV is connected with the stem V by means ot' a stud lVl which passes through transverse slots in the tube Q and sleeve V1. The rotative valve disk U is loosely connected with the stem V by means ot' a at sided central lng U2 on the said disk U, which enters a correspondingly shaped socket in the end of said valve stem.

I claim as my invention l. A portable pneumatic motor comprising a casing provided with a plurality of sets of power cylinders, pistons in said cylinders, and a crank-shaft with which said pistons are connected, the cylinders otl the several sets having their central axes in planes which are radial with respect to the axis ot the crank-shaft, said casing being also provided between the outer ends of the cylinders with two air chambers, and having, between said air chambers and the cylinders, cylindric valve chambers, the central axes of which are at right angles to the axes ot' the cylinders and parallel with the crank-shaft, said valve chambers being each connected at one end with one ot the said air chambers, and each being provided with lateral ports communicating with the other air chamber, and rotative valve plugs located in said chambers, said valve plugs each having a plurality of valve ports and passages, one for each ot the cylinders associated therewith, and including a longitudinal passage which extends endwise therethrough and opens into the end of its said valve chamber which is connected with one of the said air chambers.

2. A portable pneumatic motor comprising a casing` provided with a, plurality of sets of power cylinders, pistons in said cylinders, and a crank-shaft with which said pistons are connected, the cylinders of the several sets having their central axes in planes which are radial with respect to the axis of the crank-shaft and are at an angle to each other, said casing being also provided with two air chambers located between the outer ends of said cylinders, said air chambers being separated from each other by a partition wall which joins the side wall of the casing at a point between the top and bottom walls thereof, and also having between said air chambers and the cylinders, cylindric valve chambers, the central axes of which are at right angles to the axes of the cylinders and parallel with the crank-shaft, said valve chambers communicating each at one end with one of said air chambers and cach having lateral ports, one for each of the cylinders, in communication with the other air chamber, and valve plugs in said valve casing each having a plurality of sets of valve ports or passages, one for each of the cylinders associated therewith and including a longitudinal passage which opens into the end or' said valve chamber which.- communicates with one of said air chambers, said side wall of the valve casing being provided with two ports which extend through said side wall of the casing on opposite sides of the said partition which separates the two air chambers from each other, and which severally communicate with said air chambers.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention I atiix my signature in presence of two witnesses, this third day of March, A. D. 1906.

REINHOLD A. NORLING. Y

Vitnesses JAS. A. NIELD, VILLIAM OHANEY. 

